Private William Thomas Ross
Service #: 3007 & 3007 A
Summary
FAMILY LIFE
William Thomas Ross was born c1886 at Murwillumbah according to his attestation
ATTESTATION
He was single labourer, eager to do his bit. He travelled to Brisbane on 8th January 1916 to complete his application which showed his next of kin as his brother, Alexander Ross, of Crystal Creek. He then signed a declaration confirming he had answered the questions correctly and was willing to voluntarily agree to service in the Military Forces of the Commonwealth of Australia
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CERTIFICATE OF ATTESTING OFFICER
On the second page of the attestation documents the attesting confirms the following; “The foregoing questions were read to the person enlisted in my presence. I have taken care that he understood each question, and his answer to each question has been duly entered as replied to by him”
OATH
He also made the following oath in the presence of the Attesting Officer: “I, William Thomas Ross, swear that I will well and truly serve our Sovereign Lord the King in the Australian Imperial Force until the end of the War, and a further four months thereafter unless sooner lawfully discharged, dismissed or removed therefrom: and that I will resist His Majesty’s enemies and case His Majesty’s peace to be kept and maintained; and I will in all matters appertaining to my services faithfully discharge my duty according to law
SO, HELP ME, GOD.”
MEDICAL EXAMINATION
His medical showed he was 29 years 4 months old, 5ft 2 inches tall (1.57m), weighed 100 lbs (45 kgs), with a dark complexion, blue eyes & brown hair. His eyesight was good. William was Church of England and had a scar on his right leg.
CERTIFICATE OF MEDICAL EXAMINER
The medical examiner certifies I have examined the abovenamed person, and find that he does not present any of the following conditions, viz: -
Scrofula; phthisis; syphilis; impaired constitution; defective intelligence; defects of vision, voice, or hearing; hernia’ haemorrhoids; varicose veins, beyond a limited extent; marked varicocele with unusually pendent testicle; inveterate cutaneous disease’ chronic ulcers; traces of corporal punishment or evidence of having been marked with the letters D. or B.C; contracted or deformed chest; abnormal curvature of spine; or any other disease or physical defect calculated to unfit him for the duties of a soldier.
He can see the required distance with either eye; his heart and lungs are healthy; he has the free use of his joints and limbs; and he declares he is not subject to fits of any description. I consider him fit for active service
CERTIFICATE OF COMMANDING OFFICER
The commanding officer certifies that this attestation of the abovenamed person is correct, and that the required forms have been complied with. He then states “I accordingly approve, and appoint him as a private into the 31st Infantry Battalion – 8th Reinforcements with service No 3007 and 3007A
TRAINING AT RIFLE RANGE CAMP, ENOGGERA
All 31st Battalion recruits attended the training camp at Rifle Camp, Enoggera. The Barracks Block was built as accommodation for men in two dormitories, each 36 feet by 22 feet (10.97 x 6.7 metres). Beds or bunks were not provided, instead each man slept on a palliasse with ground sheet on the floor. For many it was their first time away from home. Men from every walk of life, from clerks and teachers to factory and shop workers, were crammed together.
Now training for the new recruits began. Firstly, the men had to be inducted into military forms of discipline, command, and order. This was partially achieved through a program of basic training carried and, in a sense, was maintained for a long as a man was in the service. It involved marching and drilling with the rifle, cleaning and caring for personal equipment and being supervised and inspected in ways quite different to ordinary civilian life. For example, no boots should be allowed to get in a bad state of wear but must be sent to the bootmaker without delay for repair. Men who were found with hair long and unshaven had to have a haircut and shave
Secondly, after basic training there followed the far more serious exercise of turning a man into a fighting soldier at least partially prepared for the kind of warfare he was about to experience overseas. The topics and exercises in the syllabus of training were a world away from their former lives and included daily physical training, entrenching, wiring, firing rifle grenades, firing the Lewis light machine gun, dealing with gas attack, using hand grenades, using the bayonet, and the routines to be followed in the trenches.
This training was then put into practice during what were called ‘Field Days,’ when men would practice using the skills they had acquired in mock attacks both by day and by night. How well men had learnt to use their weapons, in cooperation with each other in training, would be tested in the harsh reality of the front line. Training would take several months
INNOCULATIONS
All recruits were given a range of inoculations while in camp. The most important jab was to protect against smallpox and typhoid – indeed, having this was an essential precondition of enlisting.
THE UNIFORM
The recruits were issued with their uniform- service dress jacket was made of Australian wool and its loose fit gave the wearer more allowance for movement. The four large pockets were very useful. A unique feature designed for comfort was the pleated back, which provided a double thickness of cloth down the back that the pack rubbed against. Breeches were corduroy worn with wool wrap puttees. The famous khaki felt slouch hat or early service cap is probably the most distinctive part of the uniform. turned up on the left and featuring a plain khaki band, chinstrap and “rising sun” badge.
SOLDIER’S KIT
Australia's World War I soldiers went to war weighed down by almost 30 kilograms of clothes, weapons, tools and kit.
· Breeches: made from khaki woollen cord fabric, with side pockets and button flies. Soldiers were issued with two pairs of breeches, plus a pair of dungarees. The breeches ended above the ankles and the gap was filled with puttees.
· Braces: worn with breeches.
· Puttees: The men wound these strips of woollen cloth, almost three metres long, upwards from the ankle to just below the knee. Soldiers disliked the puttees, probably with good reason: the tight binding restricted circulation and might even have contributed to the high incidence of trench foot. Mounted troops wore leather leggings.
· Shirt: Soldiers were given two grey, collarless, flannel shirt, plus a military shirt.
· Ankle boots: brown and lace-up.
· Socks: Made from wool or cotton. Soldiers were issued with three pairs.
· Greatcoat: the khaki woollen coat (which weighed about 3kg) often doubled as a soldier's bedding and was his chief protection against the cold and wet. The coat came into its own when snow hit Gallipoli in November 1915 and also on the Western Front.
· Jersey
· Singlets: Soldiers were issued with 2 woollen singlets.
· Cotton "drawers" (underpants): Soldiers were issued with two pairs.
· Abdominal belts: a sort of cummerbund that was issued to keep soldiers warm and supposedly ward off disease.
· Backpacks and webbing: The main backpack was a rectangular sack measuring about 15 inches x 13 inches, closed at the top by a folding cover secured by two straps. The webbing included a web belt, cartridge pouches, small haversack, bayonet frog, an entrenching tool holder (plus another holder for its handle), and a water-bottle holder.
· Identity disc: Soldiers were initially issued with one medal "dog tag" on a cord, but later in the war they were given two tags, made of compressed fibre.
· Soldiers were also issued with a "housewife" - a sewing kit containing such items as needles, thimble, thread, wool and button so they could carry out running repairs.
· Also in their kit were a short-magazine Lee-Enfield (SMLE) rifle, a rifle sling, a bayonet and scabbard, and an "entrenching tool" (they were "diggers" after all). This came in two parts, with the helve (handle) separate from the spade part.
· Soldiers were issued with eating equipment (knife, fork, spoon, an enamel mug, water bottle (with two-point capacity), and a mess tin with carrier.
· They also had a clasp knife (with marlin spike, tin-opener and lanyard), razor, shaving kit, soap, comb, two towels, field dressing (carried in the tunic's inside pocket), and a hold-all, in which they could pack their private possessions.
· No item was probably looked after more carefully than their service pay book: privates were paid five shillings a day
VOYAGE OVERSEAS
On the 14th April 1916, the recruits left Sydney, sailing upon the HMAT Ceramic. The epic voyage across the ocean has been described as “the longest journey to war in the history of the world.” They thought it was the start of a new adventure- for many it was their first time so far away from home. However, after some time at sea the biggest problem turned out to be boredom. On-board, Officers organised rigorous training drills and exercise sessions for the men. They were expected to do their own washing, sweep the decks and carry out other chores
Attempts at breaking up the boredom, apart from the regular drill, varied. Shipboard activities included regular church parades and concerts. Troops engaged in lifebelt drill; a cookhouse on deck; soldiers on fatigues peeling potatoes 'spud bashing'; going to the dentist; barber, pay day; soldiers cleaning personal equipment; medical inspection. Sports and recreation included boxing, deck quoits, draughts. Also, the commanding officer's morning inspection; kit inspections; submarine drill; recreation such as the on deck 'open air' library, deck billiards, pillow fighting and card games including Nap. As well, conditions on the ships were cramped and the risk of illness was constant.
Three hearty meals a day were served; breakfast usually consisted of porridge, stew, and tea. Lunch included soup, meat, vegetables, and pudding. Meat, bread with jam and tea was served for dinner. Many of the troops experienced bouts of seasickness on the voyage. The crossing the Equator ceremony, ‘Neptune’s Journey,’ was played-out on each troopship. They disembarked at Port Said on 16th May 1916.
EGYPT MAY 1916
During an interim period, soldiers typically:
· Recovered from the voyage: After long sea travel from Australia, troops needed time to rest and regain strength.
· Underwent medical inspections: To check for illnesses, infections, or conditions like venereal disease that might delay their training.
· Received equipment and uniforms: Egypt's heat made the heavy wool uniforms uncomfortable. As a result, lighter clothing was often issued or obtained locally. Soldiers frequently wore:
ü Khaki cotton shirts without the tunic
ü Lightweight drill uniforms made from cotton
ü Shorts on some occasions, particularly in camp
ü Pith helmets or sun helmets for fatigue duties and work in the sun, although the slouch hat remained the iconic Australian headgear
· Were assigned to training battalions: Administrative processing sorted soldiers into reinforcement drafts for specific front-line battalions.
· Drilled lightly: They performed light drills, parades, and familiarisation routines while waiting for formal training slots to open.
ENGLISH TRAINING CAMP
In mid 1916 the 31st proceeded to France. William embarked on the HMT Franconia at Alexandria on 5th June and disembarked at Plymouth on 16th June 1916. Over many tough months, in the Egyptian training camp, the volunteers left their old lives farther behind. They began an intensive period of training in preparation for deployment to the front. These camps were shared by other Australian and New Zealand forces, creating a large and active training environment.
Daily life followed a strict military routine. Reveille was sounded around 5:30 am, followed by physical training, which included route marches and endurance work in the desert conditions. After breakfast, the men began structured morning sessions focusing on drill, bayonet practice, and rifle handling. Training resumed after lunch, often with practical field exercises such as digging trenches, constructing defences, and simulating attacks on mock enemy positions. The day ended with roll call, personal time, and lights out around 9:00 pm.
The training itself covered a wide range of military skills. Soldiers learned close-order drill, musketry (rifle shooting), bayonet fighting, and basic tactics. Musketry was particularly important: the men practised with their Lee-Enfield rifles on firing ranges, learning how to load, aim, fire rapidly, and judge distances accurately. Bayonet training was also emphasized, with troops practising thrusts, parries, and charges on straw-filled dummies to build aggression and confidence.
Physical fitness was a high priority. Route marches of 10 to 15 kilometres in full kit were a regular part of the schedule to build stamina and discipline. Troops also received instruction in field engineering—learning how to dig trenches, build parapets and revetments, and position barbed wire obstacles effectively.
Other important areas of training included basic first aid, battlefield communication (such as flag and lamp signalling), and map reading.
Sanitation and hygiene were stressed throughout the training period. Soldiers were taught how to prevent disease by maintaining clean clothing and equipment, constructing latrines, and purifying drinking water. This was crucial in the Egyptian climate, where illness could spread rapidly.
Although the training was demanding, there were occasional opportunities for leave. Many soldiers visited the bazaars, cafés, and sights of Cairo, or made trips to the pyramids near Mena. Morale was generally high, though the men understood active service was approaching.
WESTERN FRONT & TRENCH WARFARE SEPTEMBER 1916
On 6th September they left England for France and taken on strength on 22nd September, 1916. Here, they found themselves fighting in trenches. On the Western Front in 1914–1918, both sides constructed elaborate trench, underground, and dugout systems opposing each other along a front, protected from assault by barbed wire. The area between opposing trench lines (known as "no man's land") was fully exposed to artillery fire from both sides. Attacks, even if successful, often sustained severe casualties. Trench warfare created a living environment for the men which was harsh, stagnant, and extremely dangerous. Not only were trenches constantly under threat of attack from shells or other weapons, but there were also many health risks that developed into large-scale problems for medical personnel. Apart from the inescapable cold during the winters in France, trenches were often completely waterlogged and muddy, and crawling with lice and rats
· Front-line trenches: Soldiers typically remained here for about 4–6 days at a time. This was where the fighting was most intense and the conditions were the harshest.
· Support and reserve trenches: After time on the front line, soldiers were rotated to these positions for around 6–12 days. These trenches were set further back and offered slightly better conditions.
· Rest periods: Soldiers were then moved away from the trench system entirely for rest, training, and recovery, often lasting several weeks, depending on operational needs.
The rotation system helped prevent complete physical and mental exhaustion, but the constant dangers of trench life meant there was rarely any true respite
SEPTEMBER TO NOVEMBER 1916
When William was taken on strength of the 31st Battalion on 22 September 1916, the battalion had recently emerged from the costly fighting at Mouquet Farm and was holding sectors of the line in the Somme region of France. The period between September and November 1916 was one of continual activity, even when large-scale attacks were not underway.
After joining the battalion, William would have spent time becoming familiar with the routines of front-line service. The battalion rotated between front-line trenches, support positions and reserve areas. Daily duties included repairing trenches damaged by shellfire, improving dugouts, carrying rations and ammunition forward, maintaining communication trenches, and undertaking working parties at night. Patrols were frequently sent into No Man's Land to gather intelligence and monitor German activity.
The weather steadily deteriorated as autumn progressed. Rain turned much of the Somme battlefield into mud, making movement difficult and exhausting. Artillery fire was a constant threat, and even periods described as "quiet" could produce casualties from shelling, snipers and trench raids. During time out of the line, the battalion conducted training, route marches, weapons practice and reinforcement drills to absorb newly arrived men and replace losses suffered earlier in the campaign.
By November 1916, the 31st Battalion was involved in the latter stages of the Somme operations. Although not engaged in one of the major Australian assaults of that period, the battalion continued its routine of trench occupation, working parties and maintaining readiness for offensive operations. On 15 November 1916 William was transferred to Battalion Headquarters. Such a posting usually meant duties connected with administration, signalling, runners, clerical work, transport, intelligence, orderly duties, or other headquarters functions necessary to keep the battalion operating efficiently.
DETATCHED TO 8TH BATTALION HEADQUARTERS NOVEMBER 1916
On the 15th November 1916 William was detached to the 8th Battalion Headquarters. At BHQ soldiers played various operational, administrative, and communication roles to support the battalion's functioning. BHQ was the nerve center of a battalion, usually located a short distance behind the front lines (often in a dugout, trench shelter, or a captured structure). William may have been doing anything from being a runner (carried written or verbal messages when other communication methods failed) to being a guard or sentry or possibly, with his background as a labourer, maintaining the HQ area, reinforcing dugouts, laying communication cables, or helping with trench works nearby.
LEAVE FRANCE OCTOBER 1917
William was given leave in France from 10th October to 20th October. 1917.
BATTLE OF YPRES NOVEMBER 1917
The 8th played a significant role in the Third Battle of Ypres (also known as the Battle of Passchendaele), which lasted from 31 July to 10 November 1917. This campaign aimed to break through German lines in Flanders, Belgium, and capture the strategic ridge around Passchendaele.
This was the main battle the 8th Battalion fought in during the Ypres campaign. They were near Zonnebeke, east of Ypres. Their objective was to capture the Broodseinde Ridge, a vital high ground held by the Germans.
The attack began at 5:30 am under a creeping artillery barrage. The 8th Battalion advanced behind the barrage, pushing forward under machine gun and artillery fire. The Australians caught the Germans by surprise, as German troops were forming up for their own counter-attack. The battalion achieved all its objectives, capturing German pillboxes, trenches, and prisoners.
The battlefield had turned into a quagmire due to heavy rain and relentless shelling. Soldiers had to wade through deep mud and water, often sinking waist-deep. Dead and wounded were difficult to evacuate; horses and carts often got bogged. Disease, cold, exhaustion, and stress were rampant. The Third Battle of Ypres ended in mid-November, with horrendous losses and limited strategic gain.
OCTOBER 1917 TO MARCH 1918
In late October, the 8th Battalion was withdrawn from the front lines. They were moved to rest areas in Belgium and northern France. Activities included rest and recuperation and burial of the dead. Reorganisation and integration of reinforcements and training using muskets, bayonet practice & platoon tactics were undertaken
DECEMBER 1917 – WINTER TRENCH ROTATIONS
The battalion returned to the front in Flanders but the situation was relatively static. They took part in trench rotations near the Warneton–Ploegsteert sector, sometimes referred to as "the quiet front". Duties included holding the line, night patrols and wiring parties and digging and maintaining trenches in freezing mud and water. Exposure to trench foot, frostbite, and illness increased.
JANUARY – FEBRUARY 1918 – QUIET SECTOR, ONGOING ROTATIONs
The 8th Battalion continued rotating between front-line trenches, support positions, and rest camps in northern France.
These months were marked by harsh winter conditions, but few major engagements. Activities included repairing trenches, sending out patrols, defensive readiness in case of German raids and continued training behind the lines (map reading, Lewis gun use, bombing, etc. They likely contributed to working parties and local raids
MARCH 1918 – GERMAN SPRING OFFENSIVE BEGINS
In mid-March, the 8th Battalion and the 1st Division were moved south to the Somme region in anticipation of a major German attack. On 21 March 1918, Germany launched Operation Michael, their Spring Offensive.
APRIL 1918
In April 1918, the 8th Battalion AIF was heavily involved in the defence of the Somme region, particularly during the Battle of Villers-Bretonneux — a critical part of halting the German Spring Offensive (Operation Michael), which had begun in March.
EARLY APRIL 1918
The 8th Battalion was positioned near the village of Hébuterne and Albert, north-east of Amiens, conducting defensive duties. Their work included strengthening trenches and wire, patrolling No Man’s Land. They repelled small-scale German advances and supported working parties and field engineering
MID-APRIL: GERMAN PRESSURE BUILDS
By mid-April, the battalion was moved closer to the Villers-Bretonneux sector, as it became clear the Germans would try to push through there. Villers-Bretonneux was seen as the gateway to Amiens.
SECOND BATTLE OF VILLERS-BRETONNEUX 24–25 APRIL 1918
On 24 April, the Germans launched a major attack, capturing part of Villers-Bretonneux with the use of tanks—a rare occurrence for the Germans. That night, in a brilliantly executed counter-attack, the 8th Battalion, as part of the 2nd Brigade, helped retake the town in a coordinated night assault. The 8th attacked south of the railway line in coordination with the 5th Battalion. They advanced under cover of darkness without a preliminary barrage (to retain surprise), engaged in fierce hand-to-hand fighting in the outskirts and woodlands around the town & successfully recaptured key positions by the morning of 25 April
AFTER THE COUNTER ATTACK
The 8th Battalion held their new positions under heavy artillery and machine-gun fire. They were eventually relieved after suffering significant casualties. The victory was a major morale boost and a turning point in stopping the German advance on Amiens
MAY 1918 HOLDING THE LINE
In May 1918, the 8th remained in the Villers-Bretonneux sector on the Somme front, continuing defensive and front-line duties following their crucial role in recapturing the town from the Germans in April
HOLDING THE LINE NEAR VILLERS-BRETONNEUX
After the successful night counterattack of 24–25 April, the 8th Battalion stayed in the front-line and support trenches near Villers-Bretonneux throughout May. Their tasks included maintaining and improving trenches, repairing barbed wire entanglements. They conducted patrols and observation posts and repelled German artillery and occasional infantry probes. The area remained very active and dangerous, despite the lack of large-scale attacks. The battalion reported regular German shelling, sniper fire, and the use of gas shells. Casualties continued at a steady rate due to these ongoing dangers.
WOUNDED IN ACTION GASSED MAY 1918
One of those casualties was William, who, on the 17th May 1918 was gassed. An eye witness describes what happens in a gas attack- “[T]he next thing we heard was this sizzling—you know, I mean you could hear this damn stuff coming on—and then saw this awful cloud coming over. A great yellow, greenish-yellow, cloud. It wasn’t very high; about I would say it wasn’t more than 20 feet up. Nobody knew what to think. But immediately it got there we knew what to think, I mean we knew what it was. Well then of course you immediately began to choke, then word came: whatever you do don’t go down. You see if you got to the bottom of the trench, you got the full blast of it because it was heavy stuff, it went down.”
GASSED YX
The notation on his record states Gassed YX. “Gassed” refers to a soldier being exposed to chemical weapons (e.g. mustard gas, phosgene, chlorine) used by the enemy. The term usually meant temporary or lasting injury from gas exposure — which could affect eyes, lungs, skin, or cause internal damage. Gassed YX” in a WWI record means the soldier was gassed in action, but not fatally.
CASULTY CLEARING STATION
William was admitted to the Clearing Station first. A Casualty Clearing Station (CCS) in World War I played a critical role in treating gassed soldiers. Located a few miles behind the front lines, CCSs were semi-permanent medical facilities set up near railways to receive, triage, and stabilize wounded men before sending them to base hospitals if necessary.
IMMEDIATE ASSESSMENT AND TRIAGE
On arrival, gassed soldiers were examined quickly to determine:
· Type of gas exposure (e.g. chlorine, phosgene, mustard)
· Severity of symptoms (e.g. coughing, vomiting, blindness, burns, respiratory distress)
· Likelihood of survival or need for evacuation
Soldiers were prioritised for treatment based on severity—mildly affected might stay; severe cases were sent to base hospitals.
Treatment varied by gas type, but typically included:
Chlorine or Phosgene Gas:
· Oxygen therapy (if available)
· Warmth and rest
· Inhalations of steam or antiseptic vapours
· Monitoring for delayed lung damage, which was common with phosgene
Mustard Gas:
· Stripping and washing the patient immediately — mustard gas soaked into clothing and skin
· Treatment of skin burns with ointments or dressings
· Eye irrigation if eyes were affected
· Isolation from others due to risk of gas residue transfer
If a soldier was badly affected, they were sent by ambulance train to a base hospital in France (e.g. at Étaples, Boulogne, Rouen) or evacuated to England.
HOSPITALISED TO ENGLAND MAY 1918
William was invalided to England on 26th May and then marched into a command post.
COMMAND POSTS
A Command Depot was a military rehabilitation and re-training centre for soldiers who were no longer sick or wounded enough to stay in hospital, but not yet fit enough to return to active duty.
Key Purposes:
· Medical recovery: Continued healing and observation under light medical care.
· Physical reconditioning: Route marches, drills, sports, and gym exercises to rebuild stamina.
· Fitness assessment: Medical boards decided if the man would:
· Return to his battalion if possible
· Be assigned to a home service unit if unable to return to duty
· Be permanently discharged
Soldiers would be marched into different depots depending how sick they were. William was marched into Deverill on 16th July 1918.
REJOINED UNIT AUGUST 1918
On 12th August he rejoined his 8th Battalion.
DETACHED TO BATTALION HEADQUARTERS AGAIN
AUGUST 1918 TO MAY 1919
William would have done the duties he had been doing when he was with them in November 1916 until the war ended then more clerical work dealing with the paperwork
WAR ENDED
The end of the war was in sight and on 11th November the fighting was officially over so he prepared to return to Australia. After the Armistice, the Australian Prime Minister Billy Hughes insisted Australian troops be repatriated (returned home) as quickly as possible. This logistical challenge was enormous with 135,000 troops brought home from Britain in 147 voyages, and 16,773 troops from the Middle East in 56 voyages, mostly on a first come, first go basis. There was a lack of suitable ships to transport personnel home and many had to wait several months before they were headed back to Australia.
GOING HOME
William returned to Australia on 22nd May 1919 on the Durham. He disembarked on 21st July 1919 and was discharged 6th September 1919.
CLOTHING AND NECESSITIES GIVEN TO SOLDIERS FOR SOLDIERS PROCEEDING TO AUSTRALIA FOR DEMOBILISATION
Badges Hat Badges Collar (2) Bags kit universal
Bags kit sea Braces (pair) Brush, shaving
Brush, tooth Breeches M.S (Military service)
Cap comforter (warm cap) Comb, hair
Disc identity with cord Drawers (2 pairs)
Great Coat Hat, Khaki fur Hat, white
Holdall Housewife (compact sewing kit)
Jackets Cardigan Jackets S.D (service dress)
Leggings 1 pair Laces, leather 1 pair
Puggarees, small (a traditional Indian head wrap, worn in warm conditions
Puttees, 1 pair (cloth bandages worn by soldiers, to provide support and protection for the lower leg)
Razor Shirts, flannel (2) Socks, 3 pairs
Singlets (2)
Strap chin Soap piece Suit, working
Towels, hand (2)
Titles “Australia” (4)- Australian soldiers and non-commissioned officers wore an “Australia” title at the base of their shoulder straps. Each serving soldier also wore unit titles above this which indicated the units to which they belonged
FOR HIS SERVICE
For his service, William was awarded the 1914-15 Star, British War Medal, and the Victory Medal
If you have any additional information about this individual, we invite you to email us at rsl@msmc.org.au.
Memorial Location
We do not know the memorial location of this individual
Buried Location
We do not know the burial location of this individual
